The Soviet Union occupied nationalist dictatorships in the east and replaced them with communist dictatorships, while others established liberal democratic governments in the Western Bloc. Military dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the inherent military strength associated with such a regime, and personalist dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the weaker institutions to check the dictator's power. [48], An absolute monarchy is a monarchy in which the monarch rules without legal limitations. A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a leader, or a group of leaders, which holds governmental powers with few to no limitations on them. He was a German legislator, organizer of Nazi party and furthermore filled in as Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945. Single-party dictatorships are one-party states in which only the party in power is legalized and all opposition parties are banned. [88] European fascism was imported to Latin America as well, and the Vargas Era of Brazil was heavily influenced by the corporatism practiced in fascist Italy. The 20th century saw the rise of fascist and communist dictatorships in Europe; fascism was eradicated in the aftermath of World War II in 1945, while communism spread to other continents, maintaining prominence until the end of the Cold War in 1991. Indeed, the 20th century, which witnessed the careers of Atatrk, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Francisco Franco, Mao Tse-tung, Juan Pern, Tito, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Sukarno, Kwame Nkrumah, and Charles de Gaulle, could appear in history as the age of plebiscitary dictatorship. [33] A ruling party in a one-party dictatorship may rule under any ideology or it may have no guiding ideology. If this institution can be effectively controlled by the dictator, it can become avaluable instruments of control over the population. In the former, for example, the President must appoint as Prime Minister the leader of the largest party in parliament, who has three days to gain the confidence of a majority thereof. [11][12] He describes totalitarian regimes as exercising control over politics and political mobilization rather than merely suppressing it. [15] If the dictator has not seized power through a political party, then a party may be formed as a mechanism to reward supporters and to concentrate power in the hands of political allies instead of militant allies. Despite repeated promises to leave office in 2024 (when his term limit is reached), Putin spearheaded a 2020 constitutional amendment enabling him to remain in power until 2036. [16], Most dictatorships are formed through military means or through a political party. They may be military officers, party members, or friends and family of the dictator. Changing Human Nature Needs a "Dictatorship of the Proletariat" . Terrible things have been done in the name of socialism and here are some of the most rigorous dictators. This list answers the questions, "What countries are dictatorships?" Infamous dictators of the world are often thought of as tyrants - leaders who rule with iron fists, cruelty, unflinching authority, and a lack of opposition. Mao consolidated his control of the People's Republic of China with the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, which involved the destruction of all elements of capitalism and traditionalism in China. In the last six years alone, at least 26 African countries have experienced transfers of power. [8]:465 Some countries, such as Greece and Bulgaria, stipulate who the head of state chooses as head of government. Today, there are only five communist states, some of which are struggling to hold on to communism. But to understand the dictatorship in Cuba . The classification depends on the rules outlining the relationship between a country's government, legislative assembly (often called the legislature), and head of state. [71] The aftermath of World War I resulted in a major shift in European politics, establishing new governments, facilitating internal change in older governments, and redrawing the boundaries between countries, allowing opportunities for these movements to seize power. [79] Fascism developed in Europe as a rejection of liberalism, socialism, and modernism, and the first fascist political parties formed in the 1920s. Stability can be weakened when opposition groups grow and unify or when elites are not loyal to the regime. In 1989, the Soviet Union was dissolved, and communism was abandoned by the countries of Central and Eastern Europe through a series of revolutions. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator.Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. whether a majority vote in the legislature can remove the sitting government without cause. He responded by ordering the confiscation of food, impossible farming yield quotas, banning private farming for substenance, and introducing internal passports and residency permits, which prevented villagers from seeking food elsewhere. [73], The first communist state was created by Vladimir Lenin and the Bolsheviks with the establishment of Soviet Russia during the Russian Revolution in 1917. Dominant-party dictatorships or electoral authoritarian dictatorships are one-party dictatorships in which opposition parties are nominally legal but cannot meaningfully influence government. [22], Military dictatorships are typically formed by a military coup in which senior officers use the military to overthrow the government. ( 1, 2, 3) 5 Paul Kagame, the 60-year-old President of Rwanda, has been in power since 1994 when his rebel army ended the genocide which had killed 800,000 people. [124], The type of economy in a dictatorship can affect how it functions. and "Which country has a dictatorship as its form of leadership?" Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. Dictators often employ illegal and/or immoral methods to maintain their power and control, including the use of secret police, indefinite arrests, and concentration camps. The leader may be supported by a party or military, but still retains the overwhelming majority of power, especially regarding whom to place in which governmental roles, and relies heavily upon their own charisma to maintain control. [29][30] The use of ruling parties also provides more legitimacy to its leadership and elites than other forms of dictatorship[31] and facilitates a peaceful transfer of power at the end of a dictator's rule. Negative effects include the unraveling of social organizations and democratic institutions and the prohibition of other political parties. [68] The Spanish American wars of independence took place in the early-19th century, creating many new Latin American governments. It is the seventh largest country in Africa, and is bordered by Namibia on the south, the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean and Luanda is its capital city. This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community. This may sound like a contradiction of terms to many people. Fidel Castro was one of the most iconic latin american dictators, who lived in the 20th century. [132] Foreign intervention takes place when another country seeks to topple a regime by invading the country or supporting the opposition. Repression can encompass actual or threatened physical violence such as arrests, assassinations, torture, beatings, disappearances, mass killings, and forced exile. In oligarchies, the threat of a military coup comes from the strength of the military weighed against the concessions made to the military. Since 1945 Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East have been common areas for all military dictatorships. In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. Kim Jong-Il (1.6 million deaths) Kim Jong-il in 2010. Charles Taylor Country: Liberia Charles McArthur Ghanakay Taylor's life story is akin to that of a movie. [1] [99] A 1953 coup overseen by the American and British governments restored Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as the absolute monarch of Iran, who in turn was overthrown during the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that established Ruhollah Khomeini as the Supreme Leader of Iran under an Islamist government. Nigeria - 1966 to 1975 - Yakubu Gowon. Many countries which are seen as otherwise democratic are dictatorships because there has yet to be an alternation in power since their incumbent government has never lost an election. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. This may be ensured through incentives, such as distribution of financial resources or promises of security, or it may be through repression, in which failing to support the regime is punished. Through the ages, Algeria, officially People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. [28] Due to the structure of their leadership, one-party dictatorships are significantly less likely to face civil conflict, insurgency, or terrorism than other forms of dictatorship. This is a list of famous examples of fascism across history. For dictatorships, monarchic, military and civilian dictatorship. Over the course of almost 20 years, he ruled Chile with an iron fist, ordering the deaths of thousands of suspected . Ruling parties allow a dictatorship to more broadly influence the populace and facilitate political agreement between party elites. [18], A classification of dictatorships, which began with political scientist Barbara Geddes in 1999, focuses on where power lies. The Countries with Dictatorships in the Modern World As of 2020, there are 52 nations with a dictator or authoritarian regime ruling the country: Three in Latin America and South America, 27 in Asia and the Middle East, and 22 in Africa. But by 1995, all the countries in the region, with the notable . The Portuguese were present in some mostly coastal points of the territory of what is now Angola from the 16th century, interacting in diverse ways with the peoples who lived there. [1] Popularly elected means that the head of state is directly elected by the citizens or elected by an assembly which then elects them (an example being the electoral college in the United States). [10] Political scientist Juan Jos Linz identifies a spectrum of political systems with democracies and totalitarian regimes separated by authoritarian regimes with varied classifications of hybrid systems. [128]. [27] One-party rule also developed in several countries in Africa during decolonization in the 1960s and 1970s, some of which produced authoritarian regimes. In some cases, nations may have multiple ruling bodies or government types, meaning they're not exclusively countries that are governed by dictatorships. The predominance of violent force in military training manifests in an acceptance of violence as a political tool and the ability to organize violence on a large scale. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east; Iran in the west; Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north; and China in the far northeast. First is that an autocracy nearly always focuses power in a single individual person, whereas dictatorshipssingle-party dictatorships in particularsometimes spread the power throughout a small group of people (say, the leaders of the dictator's political party). [56] At least 85 such dictators were chosen over the course of the Roman Republic, the last of which was chosen to wage the Second Punic War. [31], Personalist dictatorships are regimes in which all power lies in the hands of a single individual. [1]:70. [101] Albania was established as a communist dictatorship under Enver Hoxha in 1944. [23] Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. In their book "Dictators and Dictatorships: Understanding Authoritarian Regimes and Their Leaders", authors Natasha M. Ezrow and Erica Frantz lay out five types of dictatorships: Power is obtained and maintained through military might. In addition to executive authority, Putin also holds judicial and legislative power, which enables him to change the law to fit his agenda. The 2010 version of Polity data series covers 189 countries from 1800 to 2009. in Turkey, Kamal Pasha, established his dictatorship in 1921 and he remained in power till his death in 1938. [116] Dictatorships in the Middle East are primarily guided by Islamic nationalism. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [56] Caesar subverted the tradition of temporary dictatorships when he was made dictator perpetuo, or a dictator for life, which led to the creation of the Roman Empire. Monarchies: 3. The Five Kinds of Dictatorship 1. Functioning of government: 3.57. If you're looking for the names of countries with dictatorship governments then you're in the right place. This is thanks to an oil boom that enriched his family at the expense of the Equatorial Guinea citizens. Exceptions to the pattern of poverty in dictatorships include oil-rich Middle Eastern dictatorships and the East Asian Tigers during their periods of dictatorship. Deadliest Dictator Regimes in History Maoist Catastrophe Between 1946 and 1976, China suffered under the rule of Mao Zedong, a communist revolutionary who founded the People's Republic of China. The name a democracy gives itself or its office does not indicate what type of democracy it is. A personalist dictator will manage these appointees by segmenting the government so that they cannot collaborate. [100] Josip Broz Tito declared a communist government in Yugoslavia during World War II, which was initially aligned with the Soviet Union. [62][63][64] Maximilien Robespierre has been similarly described as a dictator while he controlled the National Convention in France and carried out the Reign of Terror in 1793 and 1794. [74] The Bolsheviks consolidated power by 1922, forming the Soviet Union. [76][77] The Russian Revolution inspired a wave of left-wing revolutionary movements in Europe between 1917 and 1923, but none saw the same level of success. Allowing the opposition to have representation in the regime, such as through a legislature, further reduces the likelihood of terrorist attacks in a dictatorship. [26], A dictatorship may fall because of a military coup, foreign intervention, negotiation, or popular revolution. Dictatorships suffer from an obvious and significant imbalance of power. Venezuela has a presidential government. On a similar note, a dictatorship's regular citizens have no voice in most matters. People who are for dictatorship say it provides for a more stable government, helps abolish corruption, and is more efficient in emergencies. In Germany, the head of state is elected by regional legislatures and not popularly elected. Dictators are more likely to implement long-term investments into the country's economy if they feel secure in their power. [129], Several factors determine the stability of a dictatorship, and they must maintain some degree of popular support to prevent resistance groups from growing. Interestingly, most modern dictatorships do not use the term "dictator" to. Among Africans past and present, you'll find a smattering of dictatorships. Hybrid dictatorships: What it's like to live under a Dictatorship. Power is enforced through a steadfast collaboration between the government and a highly developed ideology. The relations between the countries were strained by Soviet attempts to influence Yugoslavia, leading to the TitoStalin split in 1948. [144] Since the end of the Cold War, more dictatorships have established "semi-competitive" elections in which opposition is allowed to participate in elections but is not allowed to win, with approximately two-thirds of dictatorships permitting opposition candidates in 2018. [133] A dictator may negotiate the end of a regime if it has lost legitimacy or if a violent removal seems likely. This world dictators list has everyone from Adolf Hitler to Kim Jong Un to many lesser-known rulers. [35][36] These dictatorships often emerge either from loosely organized seizures of power, giving the leader opportunity to consolidate power, or from democratically elected leaders in countries with weak institutions, giving the leader opportunity to change the constitution. Early African dictatorships were primarily personalist socialist dictatorships, in which a single socialist would take power instead of a ruling party. Poverty has a destabilizing effect on government, causing democracy to fail and regimes to fall more often. List of Cons of Dictatorships. Political participation: 2.22. [32], One-party dictatorships became prominent in Asia and Eastern Europe during the Cold War as communist governments were installed in several countries. [43] This idea references the heavy reliance on repression of the public in order to stay in power, which creates incentives for all constituents to falsify their preferences, which does not allow for the dictator to know the genuine popular beliefs or his realistic measure of societal support. Its territory covers 652,000 km, making it the 41st largest country in the world. The number of countries ruled by military dictatorships began to fall sharply after the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s. [according to whom? He took control of the nation in 1973 after leading a coup that deposed elected leftist leader Salvador Allende. Dictators are usually backed (especially financially) by groups of powerful people. Answer (1 of 9): Depends on what you mean by left-wing. 1 Norway 2 Iceland 3 Sweden 4 New Zealand 5 Denmark =6 Canada =6 Ireland 8 Australia =9 Switzerland =9 Finland [52], Dictatorship is historically associated with the Ancient Greek concept of tyranny, and several ancient Greek rulers have been described as "tyrants" that are comparable to modern dictators. [107] Dictatorships are often recipients of foreign aid on the condition that they make advances toward democratization. [127], Indoctrination is the inculcation of citizens on specific values and ideas beneficial to the dictatorships needs and desires. The communist and fascist dictatorships that arose in various technologically advanced countries in the first half of the 20th century were distinctively different from the authoritarian regimes of Latin America or the postcolonial dictatorships of Africa and Asia. This type of vote is termed a constructive vote of no confidence. The leaders of dictatorships are not outwardly identified as dictators when other people are addressing them. Dictatorships seem much more extreme and unethical to people who enjoy the privilege of an outside perspective. United Arab Emirates 2.69/10. Personalist regimes diverge from other regimes when it comes to their longevity, methods of breakdown, levels of corruption, and proneness to conflicts. Human habitation in Afghanistan dates back to the Middle Paleolithic Era, and the country's strategic location along the Silk Road connected it to the cultures of the Middle East and other parts of Asia. [93] Chiang Kai-shek continued to rule as dictator of the National government's rump state in Taiwan until his death in 1975. These movements were a response to what they perceived as decadence and societal decay due to the changing social norms and race relations brought about by liberalism. [57] The rule of a dictator was not necessarily considered tyrannical in Ancient Rome, though it has been described in some accounts as a "temporary tyranny" or an "elective tyranny". [47] Personalist dictatorships also experience growth differently, as they often lack the institutions or qualified leadership to sustain an economy. [24], Military dictatorships often have traits in common due to the shared background of military dictators. Its capital and most populous city is Algiers. Dictatorships arise through violence or non-violent means, but they almost always result in the loss of liberties, corruption, and human rights abuses. [27], One-party dictatorships are more stable than other forms of authoritarian rule, as they are less susceptible to insurgency and see higher economic growth. Also, dictatorships . The Democracy-Dictatorship Index has the main regime types of "democracy" and "dictatorship" and three sub-types for each as well. If it is, then a further distinction is made between democracies where the head of state is popularly elected and those where the head of state is not popularly elected. [37], Personalist dictators typically favor loyalty over competence in their governments and have a general distrust of intelligentsia. The fascist dictatorship of Benito Mussolini in Italy , from 1943 to 1945. [69], In the time between World War I and World War II, several dictatorships were established in Europe through coups which were carried out by far-left and far-right movements. 1. However, many people in long-running dictatorships such as North Korea and Cameroon have never experienced anything else, so living in a dictatorship is much less jarring and shocking to them. [118] Generally, two research approaches exist: the minimalist approach, which focuses on whether a country has continued elections that are competitive, and the substantive approach, which expands the concept of democracy to include human rights, freedom of the press, and the rule of law. Types. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. Teodoro Obiang Nguesma Mbasogo overthrew his uncle Macias in 1979 in a bloody coup. Adolf Hitler known for his Nazi party and the barbarities and fierceness during his autocracy rule. The rights of the people are typically suppressed in a dictatorship, sometimes to a great degree. The dictatorship was revived 120 years later by Sulla after his crushing of a populist movement, and 33 years after that by Julius Caesar. Nations with a legacy of military dictatorship (s) In Africa Algeria (1965-1994) Burkina Faso (1966-1991) Burundi (1966-1993) Central African Republic (1966-1993) Chad (1975-1991) Congo-Brazzaville (1968-1992) Equatorial Guinea (1968-1982) Ethiopia (1974-1991) Gambia, The (1994-1997) Guinea (1984-1991) Ghana (1966-1969; 1972-1979; 1981-1993) [142] Dictatorships may influence the results of an election through electoral fraud, intimidation or bribing of candidates and voters, use of state resources such as media control, manipulation of electoral laws, restricting who may run as a candidate, or disenfranchising demographics that may oppose the dictatorship. Albania - Communist Regime 3. [38] Due to the lack of accountability and the smaller group of elites, personalist dictatorships are more prone to corruption than other forms of dictatorship,[39] and they are more repressive than other forms of dictatorship. As you can see, fascism was at its highest popularity during the 1930's. 1. [9] Political philosopher Hannah Arendt describes totalitarianism as a new and extreme form of dictatorship composed of "atomized, isolated individuals" in which ideology plays a leading role in defining how the entire society should be organized. [75] Lenin was followed by Joseph Stalin in 1924, who consolidated total power and implemented totalitarian rule by 1929. President Vladimir Putin is currently serving his fourth term as President of Russia. Elites in personalist dictatorships often do not have a professional political career and are unqualified for positions they are given. Democracies can be either parliamentary, semi-presidential, or presidential and dictatorships can be civilian, military, or royal. Just like a dictatorship, an autocracy is a government headed by a single ruler (the autocrat) whose decisions are not subject to legal restraints and who exercises unlimited and undisputed power. [50] Monarchies allow for strict rules of succession that produce a peaceful transfer of power on the monarch's death, but this can also result in succession disputes if multiple members of the royal family claim a right to succeed. Given the degree of censorship and control China's government leverages over its citizens, most political experts would call it a dictatorship. This page was last edited on 4 March 2023, at 02:19. Multiple political parties may exist, but one dominates the government, makes all the rules, is free to disseminate propaganda, and controls every aspect of every election (which may offer voters only a single candidate), thereby ensuring they win every time.