Which of the following children would benefit the LEAST from a nonrebreathing mask? A. speed at which the car was traveling when impact occurred. C. have a parent restrain the child as you give oxygen. Febrile seizures are MOST common in children between: child during bag-mask ventilations is to: Cardiac arrest in the pediatric population is MOST commonly the result of: In contrast to adults, deterioration to cardiac arrest in infants and children is usually associated with: Blood loss in a child exceeding _____ of his or her total blood volume significantly increases the risk of shock. A. chills. C. blood vessels near the skin are constricted. C. pad underneath the child's head. A. a blank stare, a duration of between 15 and 30 minutes, and a prolonged postictal phase. B. monitor her airway and give oxygen. C. 8 months and 8 years. Question Type: General Knowledge hospital. When a child experiences a blunt chest injury: They are rarely used in infants younger than 1 year. C. facilitate a rapid head-to-toe assessment of the child by visualization only. A 4-year-old female ingested an unknown quantity of liquid drain cleaner. blood pressure The MOST efficient way to identify the appropriately sized equipment for a pediatric patient is to: B. low birth weight D. he or she is breathing inadequately. C. hyperpnea. Answer: C An 8-year-old female with a history of asthma continues to experience severe respiratory distress despite being given multiple doses of her prescribed albuterol by her mother. He is conscious, but his Use the following terms to create a concept map: atoms, average atomic mass, molecules, mole, percentage composition, and molar masses. should: A. proportionately larger and situated more anteriorly. A. place oxygen tubing through a hole in a paper cup. D) altered mental status. D. 18 months and 10 years. Answer: D Your assessment reveals that she B. low birth weight Effective methods for providing pain relief to a child with an extremity injury include: A. infection. A. separating the child from his or her parents. D. result in a soft-tissue injury. D. 50 g, Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: A) warm, dry skin. B. the flexible ribs can be compressed without breaking. B. D. ensure that his or her head is in a hyperextended position. Question Type: General Knowledge D. fracture of the cervical spine. A. stridor. D. give detailed updates to the infant's parents. Question Type: General Knowledge 88 mm Hg D. a supervisor can forbid you from reporting possible abuse. Question Type: General Knowledge D. a generalized rash with intense itching. B. attempt cooling measures, offer oxygen, and transport. Effects of peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud's phenomenon, were observed in post-marketing reports at different times and at therapeutic doses in all age groups throughout the course of treatment. B. internal blood loss. Page: 1162, 30. The child is conscious, C. severe infection. bronchioles. Have you noticed any signs or symptoms? A. proportionately larger and situated more anteriorly. A. he or she can compensate for blood loss better than adults. A. a conscious 4-year-old male with adequate tidal volume if the cervical spine is injured, it is most likely to be an injury to the ligaments because of rapid movement of the head. You should: assist his ventilations, be prepared to suction his mouth if he vomits, apply full spinal precautions, and prepare for immediate transport to a trauma center. A high-pitched inspiratory sound that indicates a partial upper airway obstruction is called: D. assess his or her respiratory effort. 86. Febrile seizures in a child: 9. 74. B. dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea. B. encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport. D. acute respiratory distress. D. head bobbing. D. suspect that the child has meningitis and transport at once. Bacterial infection is a life-threatening complication that sometimes necessitates shunt removal. B. obtain a SAMPLE history from the parents. A. observe the chest for rise and fall. 96. Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than: A. evaluate the child's baseline vital signs. Page: 1171. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. Where no specific pediatric dose is given, the implication is that this drug is not commonly used or indicated in that age group. When caring for a female child who has possibly been sexually abused, you should: have a female EMT remain with her if possible. The child is conscious, A child may begin to show signs of separation anxiety as early as: Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler: Which of the following statements regarding preschool-age children is correct? D. wheezing. At the end of the dosing line, important dosing modifications may be noted (ie, take with food, avoid antacids). D. isolated tonic-clonic activity, a duration of greater than 15 minutes, and a short postictal phase. B. he or she has no visible injuries. C. has a possible closed fracture of the radius. A. block the pop-off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise. conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. B. tachypnea. 3 months and 4 years. A. apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, perform an in-depth secondary assessment, apply full spinal precautions, and transport. You respond to a skate park where a 10-year-old male fell from his skateboard and struck his head on the 50 Early signs of respiratory distress in the child include: An infant or child with respiratory distress will attempt to keep his or her alveoli expanded at the end of inhalation by: The MOST ominous sign of impending cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is: A viral infection that may cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called: 45. D. ventilate the child with sharp, quick breaths at the appropriate rate. A. extreme restlessness. Cardiac arrest in the pediatric population is MOST commonly the result of: Page: 1160. A. quiet breathing. D. place the child in a supine position and perform abdominal thrusts. B. B. obtain a SAMPLE history from the parents. After your partner stabilizes his head and opens his airway, you assess his breathing and determine that it is slow and irregular. D. mother smoked during pregnancy. Page: 1155, 15. C. femoral 88 mm Hg D. an unexplained delay in seeking medical care after the injury, Answer: C Common causes of seizures in children include all of the following, EXCEPT: Febrile seizures are MOST common in children between: In most children, febrile seizures are characterized by: generalized tonic-clonic activity, a duration of less than 15 minutes, and a short or absent postictal phase. You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. He is unresponsive and there are no signs of breathing. Her skin is hot and moist. 84. With regard to the legal implications of child abuse: 21. B. size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact. D. They can usually identify painful areas when questioned. 2, 4 You should: Page: 1159. Hyperthermia differs from fever in that it is an increase in body temperature: You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. After squeezing the end of a child's finger or toe for a few seconds, blood should return to the area within: D. buttocks. Page: 1176, 57. 44. Peripheral vasoconstriction is more dependent on core than on skin temperature (cf. C. begin immediate ventilation assistance and ensure that you squeeze the bag forcefully in order to open her bronchioles. C. caused by inflammation of the spinal cord. D. Inexperience and poor judgment are rare causes of pediatric trauma. C. 90 mm Hg You should: encourage him to cough, give O2 as tolerated, and transport. A. evidence of alcohol consumption or drug use at the scene 17. Using the discussion earlier, answer the questions below: b. The components of the PAT are: The MOST ominous sign of impending cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is: D. 5 seconds. Cardiac arrest in the pediatric population is MOST commonly the result of: When assessing or treating an adolescent patient, it is important to remember that: they usually do not wish to be observed during a procedure. Accessory muscle use. When assessing the heart rate of a 6-month-old infant, you should palpate the brachial pulse or ________ Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse? B. weak distal pulses. Question Type: General Knowledge C. a stiff or painful neck. D. 10 years. 99. The MOST efficient way to identify the appropriately sized equipment for a pediatric patient is to: 34. Febrile seizures in a child: B. mental status, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure. The mother tells you that the seizure lasted approximately 5 minutes. B. should be performed, regardless of the circumstances. D. poisonings or ingestion. A. A. assume the child is hypertensive. You should: Which of the following statements regarding the use of nasopharyngeal airways in children is D. popliteal. After using the PAT to form your general impression of a sick or injured child, you should: perform a hands-on assessment of the ABCs. Which of the following statements regarding preschool-age children is correct? D. is most appropriate when your transport time is short. C. assuming a tripod position. Question Type: General Knowledge Compared to adults, the liver and spleen of pediatric patients are more prone to injury and bleeding because they are: proportionately larger and situated more anteriorly. Question Type: General Knowledge When ventilating a pediatric patient with a bag-mask device, the EMT should: A. C. generalized tonic-clonic activity, a duration of less than 15 minutes, and a short or absent postictal phase. D. lower in the abdominal cavity, where the muscles are not as strong. Answer: B 93. D. bradycardia. C. estimate the child's weight based on appearance. Page: 1158. D. abnormal airway noise. C. stimulate the vagus nerve. D. decreased LOC. A. monitor the child's heart rate. C. intra-abdominal hemorrhage. B. weak distal pulses. A. child abuse must be reported only if it can be proven. 33. As you approach the child, you note that he is lying at the base of the monkey bars. 46. C. his or her vital signs are stable. immobilization device if: Certain cases of SIDS are predictable and therefore preventable. A. child abuse must be reported only if it can be proven. B. his or her tidal volume is adequate. A. toy into his mouth shortly before the episode began. Which of the following is the LEAST reliable assessment parameter to evaluate when Page: 1158. Peds. D. experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest. signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: D. Blanching of the nares after insertion indicates correct placement. Vasoconstriction can cause the following: Pale skin Tingling feeling in fingers and/or toes Numbness in extremities Cramps Headaches Imbalance Partial vision loss or blurred vision Increased. The infant's heart rate is 140 beats/min and his anterior fontanelle appears to be slightly sunken. B. positioning, ice packs, and emotional support. bag-mask ventilations is to: 45. Answer: B Your assessment reveals that she is conscious and alert, is breathing adequately, and has skin burns around her D. stridorous breathing. A. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should: Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: A. warm, dry skin. The goal of vasoconstriction is to prioritize oxygen and nutrient supply to the most important organs - the vital organs. 52. Question Type: General Knowledge C. bulging fontanelles. It is the recommended adjunct for children with head trauma. Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: Answer: A Page: 1160. B. squeeze the bag 40 times/min when ventilating an infant. Question Type: General Knowledge D. activity, respiratory quality, and level of consciousness. C. 25 g Use the proper word to complete each of the following blanks: The pediatric patient should be removed from his or her car seat and secured to an appropriate spinal A. cyanosis. Laser range finders used by surveyors determine the distance traveled to a reflecting target by means of a pulse of laser light, which travels from the range finder to the target and back. Answer: D Which of the following inquiries should you make in private when obtaining a SAMPLE Bulcao et al., 2000; Cheng et al., 1995; Daanen, 1996; Grahn et al., 1998). A. high fever. What time did the ingestion occur? D. lethal cardiac rhythm disturbances. If a nasopharyngeal airway is too long, it may: A. a cardiac arrhythmia. C. They are usually not well tolerated in children with a gag reflex. c. Based on alcohol's effect on the nervous system, explain why drinking and driving is extremely dangerous. B) Children are belly breathers because they rely heavily on their diaphragms. B. scalding water in a bathtub. 40 The child is conscious, obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. Answer: B C. conclude that the child is stable. When ventilating a pediatric patient with a bag-mask device, the EMT should: conscious, crying, and clinging to her mother. D. result in a soft-tissue injury. C. 25% He is unresponsive and there are no signs of breathing. A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by: C. their bones bend more easily than an adult's. A common cause of shock in an infant is: The vital signs of Patient X include a body temperature of 37 degrees Celsius, heart rate of 80 bpm, a pulse of 80 bpm, respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute, and blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg. Signs of severe dehydration in an infant include all of the following, EXCEPT: D. wheezing. You should suspect: The EMT should be MOST concerned when a child presents with fever and: Hyperthermia differs from fever in that it is an increase in body temperature: caused by the inability of the body to cool itself. Indicate the type of solid (molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent-network) for each compound: HBr. Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than: D. become obstructed by mucus. D. give oxygen and transport at once. D. cardiovascular disease. Page: 1192. Question Type: General Knowledge D. Inexperience and poor judgment are rare causes of pediatric trauma. 91. The infant's imagine kit homes reviews nz; . A viral infection that may cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called: B. toddler period. B. push the tongue anteriorly. Question Type: General Knowledge rate is 120 beats/min. Which of the following statements regarding a pediatric patient's anatomy is correct? A pediatric patient involved in a drowning emergency may present with: abdominal distension. Page: 1174. A. allow the mother to drive her daughter to the hospital. B. his or her blood pressure falls with as little as 5% blood loss. C. restlessness. C. crying or combativeness, good muscle tone, and awareness to time. correct? 15% A. tenting. B. Before positioning an infant or child's airway, you should: Question Type: General Knowledge transport to the closest trauma center. When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the: size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact. Page: 1185. D. an unexplained delay in seeking medical care after the injury, C. consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver, Bruising to the _________ is LEAST suggestive of child abuse. Answer: C A 6-month-old male presents with 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. 94. B. blood pressure 81. D. entrapment in a structural fire. She is receiving high-flow oxygen A. tenting. due to compensatory vasoconstriction and constriction. C. perform a hands-on assessment of the ABCs. B. rule out hypoxia if cyanosis is absent. 12.5 g Which of the following is true about a child's breathing? When a child experiences a blunt chest injury: A mixture of sperm and fluids is called _____. C. change in bladder habits A child's head is less frequently injured than an adult's. C. a law enforcement officer must be present. Answer: A Which of the following is MORE common in children than in adults following a head injury? A. secure the head before the torso. B. not rule out compensated shock. B. stabilize his head and check for a pulse. C. apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, obtain baseline vital signs, apply full spinal precautions, Blood pressure is usually not assessed in children younger than _____ years. Which of the following inquiries should you make in private when obtaining a SAMPLE B. partial-thickness burns covering more than 20% of the body surface. conscious, but clearly restless. C. geriatrics A blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg indicates high blood pressure . B. drooling or congestion. Page: 1188. A. B. squeeze the bag 40 times/min when ventilating an infant. In the first three months babies pay most attention to faces. An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with: Signs of severe dehydration in an infant include all of the following, EXCEPT: A 6-month-old male presents with 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. D. give oxygen if the SpO2 is less than 90%. B. ensure that the airway is patent and clear of obstructions. A. Syncope, pronounced "SIN-ko-pea," is the medical term for fainting. You should: The secondary assessment of a sick or injured child: may not be possible if the child's condition is critical. The MOST common cause of dehydration in pediatric patients is: An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with: Signs of severe dehydration in an infant include all of the following, EXCEPT: A 6-month-old male presents with 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. 70. A. pallor. Kho St Cng Trnh Ngm kent, wa police news today. 105. C. 12, 4 A. apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, perform an in-depth secondary assessment, apply full D. capillary refill. Page: 1164. Page: 1158. Question Type: General Knowledge D. children with shunts. Use of a nonrebreathing mask or nasal cannula in a child is appropriate ONLY if: D. assist his ventilations, be prepared to suction his mouth if he vomits, apply full spinal precautions, and B. complaining of severe back pain. B. drooling or congestion. C. hypothermia and an irregular pulse. A. He is complaining of pain when he tries to turn his head. Page: 1169. A sound heard in the upper airway when the child breathes in. A. A. radial Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse? You should: b. abnormal breath sounds. A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. Early signs of respiratory distress in the child include: An infant or child with respiratory distress will attempt to keep his or her alveoli expanded at the end of inhalation by: The MOST ominous sign of impending cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is: Infection should be considered a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with: Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. C. delayed capillary refill. The secondary assessment of a sick or injured child: D. delayed capillary refill indicates a state of decompensated shock. putting a baby to sleep on his or her back. Answer: C B. monitor her airway and give oxygen. You should: Before positioning an infant or child's airway, you should: When assessing an infant's ventilation status, you should: All of the following are normal findings in an infant or child, EXCEPT: Drawing in of the muscles between the ribs or of the sternum during inspiration is called: A high-pitched inspiratory sound that indicates a partial upper airway obstruction is called: When assessing the heart rate of a 6-month-old infant, you should palpate the brachial pulse or B. use a length-based resuscitation tape measure. D. fracture of the cervical spine. When immobilizing an injured child in a pediatric immobilization device, you should: Padding underneath the torso when immobilizing an injured child is generally not necessary if he or she is: The pediatric patient should be removed from his or her car seat and secured to an appropriate spinal immobilization device if: When a child experiences a blunt chest injury: the flexible ribs can be compressed without breaking. inhalation by: C. a rapid heart rate. Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor of SIDS? C. Most cervical spine fractures in infants and children occur between the first and second cervical vertebrae. D. mother smoked during pregnancy, C. putting a baby to sleep on his or her back. Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: A. warm, dry skin. D. 5 seconds. You should suspect: You are dispatched to a local elementary school for an injured child. The MOST accurate method for determining if you are delivering adequate tidal volume to a child during bag-mask ventilations is to: C. perform a head tilt-chin lift maneuver. C. putting a baby to sleep on his or her back In a normal adult, greater than 30% to 40% of blood volume loss significantly increases the risk of shock. signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: C. caused by inflammation of the spinal cord. In general, signs of blood loss include pale mucous membranes, prolonged capillary re-fill time, progressive mental deterioration, tachypnea, hypothermia, poor pulse quality (narrow pulse pressure), and cold extremities and also reflects . 25. The secondary assessment of a sick or injured child: may not be possible if the child's condition is critical. B. thoroughly suction his or her airway. To ensure that the airway of an infant or small child is correctly positioned, you may have to: B. past medical history In contrast to adults, deterioration to cardiac arrest in infants and children is usually associated with: Question Type: General Knowledge Your assessment reveals that she is conscious and alert, is breathing adequately, and has skin burns around her mouth. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart D. a semiconscious 7-year-old female with normal ventilation, C. an unresponsive 5-year-old male with shallow respirations. Compared to adults, the liver and spleen of pediatric patients are more prone to injury and bleeding because they are: What should you use the Wong-Baker FACES scale to determine?