what is the radius of the earth in meters

6378 X 2 = 12 756 km. Ans. When it is measured around the equator, it is40,075 km (approximately, 24,901 miles), whereas, if it measured from the north pole to the south pole it is40,008 km (approximately, 24,860 miles). The average radius of the earth is 6.38x106 meters. Putting in the numbers, you have Dividing both sides by m1 gives you the acceleration due to gravity: Newton's law of gravitation gives you the acceleration due to gravity near the surface of the Earth: 9.8 meters/second 2. Most experts think planet Earth can support about 10 billion people, and that when our population reaches that number, it will start to decline. For Eratosthenes, the arc was 7.2 degrees. The typical Earth radius (RE) can also be comparable to about 6,371 kilometers (km) (an SI unit of length), or 3,440 maritime miles (nmi) (a maritime unit of length), or roughly 3,959 miles (mi) or 20,902,231 ft (foot), that are US customary / Imperial units of length. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. While carbon dioxide gas is invisible, the very cold gas , Turbines produce noise and alter visual aesthetics. At Baltimore, = 39.48o and the length is 111.16 km, nearly. Q4. So escape velocity of the planet will be 22.4 km/sec The typical radius of the world is roughly 6. Q4. It has an average density of 5.5 g/cm3. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. , Historically, these models were based on regional topography, giving the best reference ellipsoid for the area under survey. det The Earths equatorial radius to meter (m) conversion table and conversion steps are also listed. Explore Asteroids In Depth Key Science Targets The total mass of all the asteroids combined is less than that of Earth's Moon. = A meter is a meter, no matter what your zoom level is. The polar circumference equals Cp=4mp, four times the quarter meridian mp=aE(e), where the polar radius b enters via the eccentricity, e=(1b2/a2)0.5; see Ellipse#Circumference for details. It is 6356. According to data taken by 183 high-school classes participating in a World Year of Physics project, Measure the Earth with Shadows, the radius of Earth is 6563 km, compared to the accepted value for the mean radius of 6371 km. is the eccentricity of the earth. + The distance between Syene and Alexandria is 787 kilometers, Eratosthenes used the ancient Greek measurement of stadia, but his calculations use the proportionality of angles between two locations, so any system of measurement will work. A sphere being a gross approximation of the spheroid, which itself is an approximation of the geoid, units are given here in kilometers rather than the millimeter resolution appropriate for geodesy. According to Newtons second law of motion, the acceleration of an object equals the net force acting on it divided by its mass, or a = F m . By knowing the Equatorial diameter or the polar diameter of the Earth, the circumference can be found. 3 How do we measure the diameter of the Earth? This is roughly 6,371 kilometers (km) or 3,960 statute miles. (The notation is defined such that it can be easily generalized for other planets; e.g., This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. where in the first fundamental form for a surface (Equation (112) in[11]): E, F, and G are elements of the metric tensor: r e find the radius of mars. The Earths circumference is approximately 40,000,000 meters. Definition of radius 1 : a line segment extending from the center of a circle or sphere to the circumference or bounding surface. ) is the distance from the center of Earth to a point on or near its surface. The Earth's polar radius of curvature (either meridional or prime-vertical) is: The principal curvatures are the roots of Equation (125) in:[11]. Video advice: How Eratosthenes discovered the radius of the earth. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. This video explains how humans managed to measure the circumference of the earth long long ago using simple math, reasoning and assumptions. g = GM/r2, Where M is the mass of the Earth, r the radius of the Earth (or distance between the center of the Earth and you, standing on its surface), and G is the gravitational constant. Unless you know indoor location is available inside the geofence, assume that Wi-Fi . \text {Circumference} = 39,350 \text {\ kilometers} Circumference = 39,350 kilometers. in the second fundamental form for a surface (Equation (123) in[11]): e, f, and g are elements of the shape tensor: n 191 mi) at the equator. Since pi is an infinite number, the calculations in Step 6 will be more accurate. This measurement also introduces another fun source of error that actually comes from the motion of Earth and other similar planetary bodies in the solar system. Literature guides . ] 752 km (3949. Using the curvature of the Earth relative to the parallel light from the sun, we can observe shadows at different locations on the surface of the Earth to find the Earths radius. At room temperature, it will go from a solid to a gas directly. r A rough, general figure for the Earths mean orbital speed is 30 kilometers per second (km/s), or 18 miles per second (mi/s). The circumference of the Earth depends on how it is measured. The radius of orbit indicates the distance that the satellite is from the center of the earth. For a perfect sphere without any mountains, the distance d from a transmitting antenna to the horizon or the line of sight, or radio horizon, can be calculated from the Pythagorean theorem (see the picture above):. 2a : the bone on the thumb side of the human forearm also : a corresponding part of vertebrates above fishes. Make sure both sticks are perpendicular to the Earth and that the same length of stick protrudes from the ground. Facts about the earth Since the earth is a sphere, we can measure its diameter and radius. where may be the angular frequency, G may be the gravitational constant, and M may be the mass from the planet. Therefore, the Earth radius isn't constant, but it can be calculated for every location. nasa.gov. Her latest book, "A Travel for Taste: Germany," was published in 2015. Video advice: What is EARTH RADIUS? Record the distance between your location and your partners location. If no sub- or superscripts appear on this page - for example, if the "Mass" is given in units of "(1024 kg)" - you may want to check the notes on the sub- and superscripts. What is the radius of Earth in gravitation? , over the surface of the ellipsoid. What are the formula in calculating the earth? With mpanderla95. It is known that the equatorial radius of the earth is R=6371km R = 6371 k m so, convert the unit of radius using the conversion factor. The planet's rotation causes it to bulge at the equator. Exercises. Since he knew the distance between the locations, he was able to determine the circumference of the earth, and therefore the diameter and radius as well. . The magnitude of the gravitational force between earth and an object is given by the formula. {\displaystyle {\mathcal {R}}_{\mathrm {pE} }^{\mathrm {N} }} You have to use the distance from the center of the Earth, not the distance above Earth's surface, as the radius. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Note that this arc is along a great circle. [2], For Earth, the volumetric radius equals 6,371.0008km (3,958.7564mi).[13]. However, Earth is not quite a sphere. Now, lets plug in some numbers. The WGS84 reference ellipsoid is now just that, a reference ellipsoid (that is, its the ellipsoid used as a reference by GPS and related systems). 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. In physics, it is established that the acceleration due togravity, g (in meters/sec 2), at a height h meters abovesea level is given by g(h)= 3.99 *10 14 (6.374* 10 6 + h) 2 where 6.374 * 10 6 isthe radius of the Earth in meters. Equatorial radius a (called semi-major axis), and polar radius b (called semi-minor axis); a and eccentricity e; a and flattening f. WGS 84 defines ellipsoid parameters as: Semi-major axis a = 6378137.0 meters. {\displaystyle r+dr} How do you find the radius of the earth from latitude? The other two are the radii of curvature. Escape velocity = = 22.4 km/sec. Earths circumference is the distance around Earth. University of Texas: Eratosthenese Finds Diameter of Earth, Partner in a distant location on about the same longitude or in the same time zone. r The Earth's Gaussian radius of curvature at latitude is:[12]. This equation for acceleration can , Dry ice is the name for carbon dioxide in its solid state. The radius of Earth at the equator is 3,963 miles (6,378 kilometers), according to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. Calculating Earths Volume Averaging these two numbers yields a mean radius of 6,371.0 kilometers (3,958.7 miles), which in turn yields an approximate value for the volume of the Earth of 1.08 quadrillion cubic kilometers (259 trillion cubic miles). How do you use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the radius of the earth? Sun: radius = 696,000 kilometers, > 100 occasions bigger. In general, this points to an important conclusion about nature itself. Mass of planet M = 8 x mass of earth = 8 x 6 x 10 24 kg. 1 Physics, 22.06.2022 11:40, yfnal3x. w Subtract the angle measurements to determine the difference in the angle of shadows between the two locations. Its surface gravity is 274 m/s 2 or 28.0 times that of the Earth. How do you find the acceleration of a system? These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. r = 39350/ 6.28 = 6267 kilometer. Compute the radius of the Earth using the formula C (circumference) = 2 x pi x r (radius). The first and second radii of curvature correspond, respectively, to the Earth's meridional and prime-vertical radii of curvature. Because of the Earths rapid rotation, it stretches out the planet; this results in the South pole and North pole actually being slight closer than locations opposite on the equator because the shape of the Earth is not a spheroid (not a perfect sphere). p K Hence the required distance is. , For Earth, the volumetric radius equals 6,371.0008km (3,958.7564mi). The expedition found that Newton's conjecture was correct:[30] the Earth is flattened at the poles due to rotation's centrifugal force. Step 3 of 5. He also shares personal stories and insights from his own journey as a scientist and researcher. Gravitational attraction from the Moon or Sun can cause the Earth's surface at a given point to vary by tenths of a meter over a nearly 12-hour period (see Earth tide). The orbit of Earth ranges from 1.47 to 1.52 x 10 11 meters from the Sun. As such, they are topographical geocentric distances, Rt, which depends not only on latitude. Solution for the radious of earth is 6378.1 km, which is 2981.1 km greater than the radius of mars. Earth, the third planet from the sun, is one of the most unique celestial bodies in our solar system. Mathematically, Earth is a spheroid. A nominal Earth radius is sometimes used as a unit of measurement in astronomy and geophysics, which is recommended by the International Astronomical Union to be the equatorial value.[1]. How far (in meter) does it travel in the first 3 seconds? [22] For both Aristotle and Eratosthenes, uncertainty in the accuracy of their estimates is due to modern uncertainty over which stadion length they meant. There are two principal radii of curvature: along the meridional and prime-vertical normal sections. Now we know 1km=1000m 5. The radius of the Earth is 6371 km. 257. r . Tack one end of a piece of string to the top of the stick. Then convert km - m. 1 km = 1000 m. 12 756 km = ? The first published reference to the Earths size appeared around 350BC, when Aristotle reported in his book On the Heavens(18) that mathematicians had guessed the circumference of the Earth to be 400,000 stadia. Write it in scientific notation. [2] All three values are about 6,371 kilometres (3,959mi). Where K is the Gaussian curvature, The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". | Measurement of Earths circumference has been important to navigation since ancient times. Earth's volume is estimated at 1 trillion cubic kilometers. . . which is different from the precise result by under 1m (4105in) the mean of these two axes. How do you find the radius with mass and gravity? b : the third and usually largest vein of an insect's wing. R=6370 3. Its "up" direction there is shown with a black segment: it is, by definition, perpendicular to the ellipse at that point. "The Earth's mass is about 5.98 10 24 kg". state. The radius of the Earth, re, is about 6.38 10 6 meters, and the mass of the Earth is 5.98 10 24 kilograms. The answer would be 695 500 000 m. Wiki User. Do NOT follow this link or you will be banned from the site! However, Earth is not quite a sphere. R Now we know 2 things- 1. . Has got the radius of Earth mysteriously grown by about 3%? = These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. What you need is to convert a meter into degrees since long/lat is a polar coordinate system.With the circumference of Earth being 40,075 km, you get 0.00000898315 deg/m which you need to multiply with the size of the object (1 m) to get the degrees which you have to add to your coordinate to get a point which intersects with the radius of . Circumference of the Earth in Meters Its volume is 803.84 cubic meters. Additionally, the bulge at the equator shows slow variations. What is the scientific name for Earth? [2] cos is normal to the surface at He was the first one to use the word geography and he also had a small-scale notion of the planet that helped him to determine the circumference of the earth. Keplers Third law can be used to determine the orbital radius of the planet if the mass of the orbiting star is known (R3=T2Mstar/Msun, the radius is in AU and the period is in earth years). By knowing the Equatorial diameter or the polar diameter of the Earth, the circumference can be found. When we rearrange the equation and plug all the numbers in, we find that the mass of the Earth is 5.96 1024 kg. His highly influential work, the Almagest,[26] left no doubt among medieval scholars that Earth is spherical, but they were wrong about its size. Similarly very small numbers are written using negative exponents, e. The very first printed mention of Earths size made an appearance around 350BC, when Aristotle reported in the book Around the Heavens(18) that mathematicians had suspected the circumference of the world to become 400,000 stadia. Ans. y [clarification needed]. [d] It is also common to refer to any mean radius of a spherical model as "the radius of the earth". wikipedia article on the Juno spacecraft provides an a great overview of this type of process. It is the only planet in our solar system that sustains life and it is the planet that we can call our own. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. [f], This Earth's prime-vertical radius of curvature, also called the Earth's transverse radius of curvature, is defined perpendicular (orthogonal) to M at geodetic latitude is:[g], N can also be interpreted geometrically as the normal distance from the ellipsoid surface to the polar axis. Who first calculated the radius of the earth? In the modern age, satellites often provide the most accurate and current information through global imaging. The tropical radius of the world (or semi-major axis) is all about 6,378 km (3,963 miles or 3,444 maritime miles), as the polar radius of the world (or semi-minor axis) is all about 6,357 km (3,950 miles or 3,432 maritime miles). R Eratosthenes estimated Earth's circumference at about 46,250 kilometers (28,735 miles). The model is rotated in a wind tunnel at a rotational speed of 500 rev/minrev/min. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. J These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. 149597870700 meters nearly This is 10-sd (significant digits) approximation. Could E.T. Through derivation, we find a logical connection between a natural phenomenon and a mathematical description of that phenomenon. Earth, as we know now, is an oblate spheroid, as shown in the above figure. => When Wi-Fi is available location accuracy is usually between 20 - 50 meters. 2013-09-16 00:47:38. 371 106 m), the bottom unit of length within the Worldwide System of Units (SI). Have Bugged an area Rock to pay attention In on Earthlings? Surface Gravity Metric: 9.80665 m/s 2 English: 32.041 ft/s 2 Escape Velocity Metric: 40,284 km/h English: 25,031 mph Scientific Notation: 1.119 x 10 4 m/s Sidereal Rotation Period 0.99726968 Earth Days 23.934 Hours Surface Temperature Metric: -88/58 (min/max) C English: -126/136 (min/max) F Scientific Notation: 185/331 (min/max) K . Rotation of a planet causes it to approximate an oblate ellipsoid/spheroid with a bulge at the equator and flattening at the North and South Poles, so that the equatorial radius a is larger than the polar radius b by approximately aq. Video advice: How We Calculated the Radius of Earth. {\displaystyle K} This value is between 6,378 km, particularly around the equator and about 6,357 km at the poles. Physics, 22. E Eratosthenes, the ancient Greek scholar is called the father of geography. c) Calculate the gravitational potential energy associated with a 4.93-kg object at the Our goal is to make science relevant and fun for everyone. [24] Claudius Ptolemy around 150AD gave empirical evidence supporting a spherical Earth,[25] but he accepted the lesser value attributed to Posidonius. Nowadays there are better ellipsoids when it comes to supplying a much better fit to mean ocean level compared to WGS84 ellipsoid. The IUGG denotes the volumetric radius as R3. 001 km (3958. Not all deformations originate within the Earth. Although the precise strength of Earth's gravity varies depending on location, the nominal "average" value at the Earth's surface, known as standard gravity is, by definition, 9.80665 m/s 2 (32.1737 ft/s 2 ). A closed-form solution exists for a spheroid:[14]. [a] Local topography increases the variance, resulting in a surface of profound complexity. Measured around the Equator, it is 40,075.017 km (24,901.461 mi). r Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. So, radius of nth orbit is rn=rn2, as Z=1 for H atom. R = 6371 km is the mean Earth radius.. m. When it's closest, the Moon is 225,623 miles away. = 6,356.8km (3,949.9mi). The orbit is not a perfect circle. Obviously, nobody is claiming how big Earth has really altered. , A) 4.5 x 10-7 B) 4.5 x 107 C) 45 x 10-6 D) 45 x 106 For the Earth, the authalic radius is 6,371.0072km (3,958.7603mi). Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Rather, elevation above or below sea level is useful. However, for purposes of uniformity and use in geophysics and astronomy, the nominal earth radius is used, which is about 6, 371 km. There are two types of crust; oceanic and continental. How do you express the earths diameter in scientific notation? This length is also used as a unit of distance, especially in astronomy and geology, where it is usually denoted by R. Our descriptions of Earth's surface must be simpler than reality in order to be tractable. The polar radius of the Earth is 3,950 miles (6,356), which is a 13-mile (22-kilometer) difference. The oblateness constant q is given by, where is the angular frequency, G is the gravitational constant, and M is the mass of the planet. High School Students Measure New Value for Earths Radius to Celebrate World Physics Year. Since the locations are points on a circle that goes around the Earth, the distance between them can be expressed as an arc measurement on a 360-degree circle. h is the transmitting antenna height above the ground,. What is the radius of Earth in exponential form? r F It is the smallest planet in the Solar System, with an equatorial radius of 2,439.7 km. What is the radius of the earth? These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Let the mass of the earth be M and radius of the earth be R, The distance of the body from the center of the earth will also be equal to the radius R of the earth. The accelerationwhich is gained by an object because of gravitational forceis called its acceleration due to gravity. Earths rotation, internal density variations, and external tidal forces cause its shape to deviate systematically from a perfect sphere. Eratosthenes' methods result in a formula that would look like this: 39,350 = 2 x 3.14 x r, or 6,267 kilometers. According to NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Earth's radius at the equator is 3,963 miles (6,378 kilometers). Arc length of more general surface curves, such as meridian arcs and geodesics, can also be derived from Earth's equatorial and polar radii. . Born and raised in the city of London, Alexander Johnson studied biology and chemistry in college and went on to earn a PhD in biochemistry. Record the measurements. [21] The first known scientific measurement and calculation of the circumference of the Earth was performed by Eratosthenes in about 240BC. The one exception: The flattening in the original definition of WGS84 was a calculated value, based on the Earths second dynamic form factor as determined from satellite orbits ($\bar C_{2,0}$ in WGS84, $J_2$ in GRS80). The magnitude of the gravitational force between earth and an object is given by the formula. Solving for x reveals the circumference to be. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Multiplyin. The geoid height variation is under 110m (360ft) on Earth. The equatorial radius of Earth is actually 6,378.1 kilometers. Earth's diameter is simply twice Earth's radius; for example, equatorial diameter (2a) and polar diameter (2b). What is the mass of this planet in terms of Earth's mass? R = earthRadius returns the scalar value 6,371,000, the mean radius of the Earth in meters. What is the Radius of the Earth? 1999. A partial surface of an ellipsoid gets fitted to the region, in which case the center and orientation of the ellipsoid generally do not coincide with the earth's center of mass or axis of rotation. All Right Reserved. For integration limits of [0,/2], the integrals for rectifying radius and mean radius evaluate to the same result, which, for Earth, amounts to 6,367.4491km (3,956.5494mi). p The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. Also, explore tools to convert Earths equatorial radius or meter to other length units or learn more about length conversions. What physical measurement / elevation is used to define Earths radius? This table summarizes the accepted values of the Earth's radius. for the nominal polar Jupiter radius. How many miles is a meter in scientific notation? 6 m0. This is the radius that Eratosthenes measured in his arc measurement. What is the radius of Earth in exponential form? Wittenberg is a nationally ranked liberal arts institution with a particular strength in the sciences. What is the radius of the parallel of latitude? Technology similar to the instruments that are used to survey Earth can also be found all across the solar system. The radius of the earth's orbit is 45,000,000 meters. A globally-average value is usually considered to be 6,371 kilometres (3,959mi) with a 0.3% variability (10 km) for the following reasons. One can only adopt an idealized model. Semi-minor axis b = 6356752.3142 meters. (clarification needed). Though he did not have instant communications as we do now, he was able to determine the angle of the suns rays in Alexandria at the same time, which was about 7.2 degrees. Solving for x reveals the circumference to be. Ocean Worlds Resources. Added 2022-02-06 15:04:59 subject Physics by rsa072001. How did early mathematicians determine the radius of the earth? A Just how much is really a trillion in scientific notation? He received his Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Berkeley, where he conducted research on particle physics and cosmology. Lunar night time is also about two weeks long, during which the moon's temperature plummets to -208 degrees F (-130 C, 140 K) according to NASA. Earth Radius by Latitude Calculator Calculates radius and diameter of the Earth for a given latitude. Example 2. We invite readers to visit us daily, explore topics of interest, and gain new perspectives along the way. r Using the mathematical formula for calculating the volume of a sphere, it has been estimated that the volume of Earth is roughly 259 billion cubic miles. In 1993 the WGS84 governing committee voted, with one exception, to retain the 1984 defining values, despite improvements to those defining values. You have to find the circumference. Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. Given you're looking for a simple formula, this is probably the simplest way to do it, assuming that the Earth is a sphere with a circumference of 40075 km. Use the protractor to measure the angle where the string meets the stick at the top.

what is the radius of the earth in meters 2023