The movement from simple to compound societies—This is seen in four types of societies in terms of evolutionary levels. These undergo changes in form only. No two laws should contradict each other. They are merely transformed into the manifestation of some other event. It is true that his social theories have caused more controversy … are also present.

All phenomena in nature have their own particular rate and rhythm of movement of duration and development. 2. 2. From the in differentiated to the differentiation of specialized structure and functions?” Spencer argued that the condition of homogeneity is in-fact a condition of unstable equilibrium.

Mere survival for existence is not enough for man. Furthermore, in such societies to a greater and lesser extent, custom has passed into positive law and religious observances have grown definite, rigid and complex. Dissolution is the reverse process. According to Spencer, once differentiation and diversity begins, a cumulative rapidity of increasing diversity and differentiation is set in motion. (i) The Law of persistence of force. Spencer was born in Derby, England on 27 April 1820, the eldest of nine children, but the only one to survive infancy.

Diversity feeds upon itself. He was the product of an undisciplined, largely informal education. He utilized the principles of physical and biological evolution in order to elaborate and explain his theory of Social evolution. 3. A process of internal “selection” or “segregation” of specialized parts will be set afoot. The society is moving from homogeneous to heterogeneous structure. Spencer does not outline their traits in detail but points to their increased overall size, complexity, division of labour, popular density, integration and general cultural complexity. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Society is also moving from indefinite to definite stage. There is perpetual continuity of motion in the world.

Matter and motion is not completely destroyed. Towns and roads have become general, and considerable progress in knowledge and the arts has taken place.” Examples are thirteen-Century France, Eleventh Century England, the Spartan Confederacy, the ancient Peruvians and the Guatemalans. The weak is gradually eliminated. The struggle for existence is not confined to any one aspects of life but pervades whole of life.

They tended to be predominantly settled agricultural societies, although a majority are mainly pastoral, and tended to be characterised by a division of four or five social strata and an organised priestly group. In physical evolution, a movement is from indefinite incoherent situation to definite and coherent situation. was an English philosopher, biologist, sociologist, and a classical political theorist of the Victorian era. Herbert Spencer, English sociologist, philosopher, and early advocate of the theory of evolution. It includes “the great civilized nations” such as the Assyrian Empire, the modern Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy and Russia. Energy or Force is the cause of evolution but it is unaffected by the evolutionary process.

Spencer has borrowed the idea from biological evolution that those cultures survive which are able to adjust themselves with the changing circumstances. But the fundamental nature of matter never changes.

There are of course, changes in the form of motion. It is not practical and realistic. Besides, the underlying principles of physical evolution are a movement from simple to complex and homogeneity to heterogeneity. Spencer argued that the evolution of human societies, far from being different from other evolutionary phenomena. It undergoes no change. A strong creature is one who has the ability to adjust himself with the ever changing conditions of environment. Get kids back-to-school ready with Expedition: Learn! Of course during formal change the quantum of matter and motion remains static. Essay on Spencer’s Theory of Evolution.

Herbert Spencer utilized these two principles, physical and biological evolution in order to explain social evolution. 1. In human society qualities like sympathy, sacrifice, kindness, love etc. On account of these changes, there are stages in the evolutionary process. His voluminous work also treated “Super organic evolution” (Which today we would term social evolution), and evolution of super organic products (what we call cultural evolution).

The most important contribution of Herbert Spencer to Sociology is the theory of evolution. It also lacks uniformity. It is not possible to have a uniform pattern of social evolution in all societies. According to Spencer, all the phenomena of nature—the stars and planetary systems, the earth and all terrestrial phenomena, biological organisms and the development of species, all the psychological and sociological processes of human experience and behaviour-follow the definite pattern of change.

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