Which theory best explains Jerry's behavior? c. Punishment c. Avoidance learning The perceived volume of a tone is mainly determined by it's ________. d. A fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement b. Receiving a grade of an A on every paper submitted in a course Key points: In transformation, a bacterium takes up a piece of DNA floating in its environment. Its location is about 12-15 temporally (toward your ear) and 1.5 below your eye. So when the light goes through the pupil it first hits the lens. Classical conditioning You see Jacks shape, his motion, his colors and all kinds of other cool stuff about Jack at the same time. Visual cortex Tweet. Inset. Just thinking about them makes the person feel sick to the stomach. 4 Processes in Biological Vision Optic nerve b. A PDF file should load here. e. negative reinforcer, 1. In visual perception, ________ constancy occurs as an object comes closer to the viewer because the perceived distance of the object becomes smaller. c. Evolutionary a. b. right visual cortex answer choices . A receptor cell converts the energy in a stimulus into an electrical signal. e. parasympathetic nervous system, 2. d. stop eating and lose weight In neurons that exhibit tonic activity, the absence of stimuli maintains a firing rate at an equilibrium; while some stimuli increase firing rate from the baseline, other stimuli decrease firing rate. b. ___________ is influenced by the semicircular canals. more sensitive in the dark than cones and are not found in the fovea. Signal transduction is the process in which chemical or physical signal is transmitted through the cell with the assistance of a series of molecular events. When you watch TV- you see all kinds of things at the same time. Totalcost$82,500SalvageValue$12,000ExpectedLife12yearsYearlydepreciation. Which of the following best explains this finding? c. Individuals differ in their ability to visualize how objects will appear when rotated in space The retina is an oxidative stress-prone tissue due to high content of polyunsaturated lipids, exposure to visible light stimuli in the 400-480 nm range, and high oxygen availability provided by choroidal capillaries to support oxidative metabolism. b. Opponent-processing theory The memory problem Donna is experiencing is most probably a result of flashbulb memory e. A system that receives information from the senses, puts that information into a usable form, and organizes it as it stores it away, and then retrieves the information from storage. [1] Replacing a response to a stimulus with an alternative response So when the bipolar cell gets turned on, it activates a retinal ganglion cell, which then sends an axon to the optic nerve, and then into the brain. Go check out a Projector TV and tell me what color the three bulbs are. Lets break down the 4 steps in a little more detail. chlorpromazine, clozapine, thorazine, and haldol), disorder in which one travels away from home and is unable to remember details of his past, including often his identity, assumes that biological, sociocultural, and psychological factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders, a disorder in which a person undergoes changes in mood that seem inappropriate or extreme, most common type of depressive disorder, characterized by periods of downcast mood, feelings of worthlessness, and loss of interest in pleasurable activities, feelings of detachment from one's mental processes or body, a dissociative disorder in which a person appears to have more than one identity, each of which behaves in a different way, Dissociative disorder characterized by the sudden and extensive inability to recall important personal information, usually after extreme stress/trauma, Father of Social Psychology, Tested 3 styles of teaching a class- authoritative, permissive, and authoritarian. b. Opponent-processing theory The perceived pitch of a tone is determined by it's ___________. Identify some possible causal factors for the Receiving, shipping, and storage support department. C. Retina. Possess diverse expertise, including . A. the opponent-process theory. d. Expectancy theory d. Priming Olfactory transduction occurs in the nasal cavity, This past year Donna was promoted from eighth to ninth grade and was assigned a new school locker with a new combination. b. Psychodynamic While the length of the wave determines its hue (color). Which of the following explains this phenomenon? The concept of functional fixedness refers to the fact that e. Children imitate aggressive behavior seen on television only if the media violence is performed by children, C. children can develop aggressive behavior by watching others perform aggressive acts, 3. b. Cognition The light goes through a hole in our eye called a pupil. a. 60 seconds . Light is tranduced in rods and cones; visual information is processed in the retina before entering the brain. The path of light through the eye begins with the objects viewed and how they produce, reflect or alter light in various ways. 10 Q The human retina contains photoreceptors called rods and cones. b. Correlational We have the word sideburns because Ambrose Burnside had bushy whiskers. d. Color constancy It says that we have three types of cones in our retina. a subliminal stimulus is a stimulus that. Ok- so the lens reflects the light back to the retina and it hits the rods and cones. OK- there is ONE last aspect left to cover about vision. e. Aversive conditioning, 7. Your cones, after firing red for awhile, will rest and fire the opposite green, when not being stimulated. Figure 14.1 The monocular visual field is the area in space visible to one eye. a. the first layer of cells in the retina. Short-term memory A large degree of processing of visual information occurs in the retina itself, before visual information is sent to the brain. People who are color blind most likely have deficiencies in their _______. 8. Stimulated = Hungry, Lesioned/Destroyed = Not Hungry, Stimulated = Not Hungry, Lesioned/Destroyed = Hungry. e. Phantom pain, 1. Visual cortex c. Retina d. Lens e. Cornea. Chapter 4 4. Then, identify the clause by writing above it ADJ for adjective clause or ADV for adverb clause. This method of reducing pain can be explained by _________ theory. d. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) \text{Total cost}&\text{Salvage Value}&\text{Expected Life}&\text{Yearly depreciation}&\\ In the dark, an object is more clearly seen when viewed in peripheral vision than when viewed directly. b. In vision, transduction occurs within the a. Incidence of aggressive behavior Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. The synaptic terminal transmits the light signal to the second-order neurons in the retina: the bipolar and horizontal cells. No longer salivate when the bell is rung b. unconditional response view bc the rods in the retina are, more sensitive in the dark than cones and are not found in the fovea, falls below the threshold for conscious detection, weber's and fechner's psychological laws concern the relationship between which of the following, the intensity of a stimulus and its corresponding psychological sensation, when viewed from a window of a moving train, nearby objects seem to pass by more quickly than distant objects. retrograde amnesia i. in the dark, an object is more clearly seen with perph. 4. In vision, transduction occurs within the The rods and cones are the site of transduction of light into a neural signal. a. Trichromatic theory Which part of the cerebral cortex receives information about temperature, pressure, touch, and pain? e. Duration of free play, A researcher randomly assigned boys and girls to each of two groups. Within a few hours the rats have learned the entire maze. Define and give an example of a numerical coefficient. d. Episodic memory A basic assumption underlying short-term memory is that it is Transmembrane receptors are activated by chemicals called ligands. Memory that seems to enter permanent storage with little or no effort at all. Which of the following did the researcher use to teach the rats the maze? Social learning experiments on the modeling of aggressive behavior have demonstrated that We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. Functionally, receptors in the retina of the eye differ most from receptors in the cochlea of the ear in the types of energy they _______. During REM sleep, which of the following is most likely to occur? Abusive parenting accounts for most children's aggressive acts \text{2010}&\$ 36,000,000 & \$ 12,000,000 \\ This takes place at the sensory receptor. b. basal ganglia During the night, Alicia stops breathing repeatedly, frequently gasps for air, and snores loudly at regular intervals. Positive reinforcement Activated neurons stimulate ganglion cells, which send action potentials via the optic nerve. Both rods and cones contain photopigments, which are pigments that undergo a chemical change when they absorb light. e. Development of intrinsic motivation, D. a token economy to reinforce adaptive behaviors, 5. International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems, Sep 2013 J. K. Mukherjee. a. Hippocampus The height of the light wave determines its intensity or brightness. Elizabeth picks up the clothes from her bedroom floor and puts them away to avoid her mother's repeated nagging. Martha is an undergraduate student who is interested in pursuing a career in psychology. The membrane potential of a photoreceptor hyperpolarizes in response to light, causing a reduction in the amount of neurotransmitter released by the photoreceptor onto downstream neurons. d. reticular activating system Rods see only black and white and are spread throughout the outside of the retina. In daylight, objects that reflect all wave lengths of light appear to be _________. Every human eye has a blind spot. Retinal Processing Visual signals leave the cones and rods, travel to the bipolar cells, and then to ganglion cells. a type of conditioning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher. answer choices . The cochlea is the major sensory organ of hearing within the inner ear. e. Punishment, 9. The problem with this simple theory is that is does not do a good job explaining color blindness or afterimages. The psychoanalytic concept of repression suggests a difficulty in the functioning of which aspect of memory? e. occipital lobe, 6. So the bipolar cells give the information to a layer of cells called the ganglion cells. During the night, Alicia stops breathing repeatedly, frequently gasps for air, and snores loudly at regular intervals. \hline &\$ 180,000,000 & \$ 120,000,000 \\ If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. D. Cornea. d. Explicit memory Optic Nerve. What is the independent variable in this study? After staring at a green, black, and yellow "American flag" for about a minute, an individual will see a red, white and blue flag afterimage. Vision begins with light passing through the cornea and the lens, which combine to produce a clear image of the visual world on a sheet of photoreceptors called the retina. They use intricate transduction mechanisms to convert sensory stimuli into electrical signals. An individual's ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy and crowded room is called ________(or the cocktail party effect), As you watch a friend walk away from you, your retinal image of your friend gets smaller. where in the visual system are these figures located, in visual perception size consistency occurs asan object comes closer to the viewer bc, percieved distance of the object becomes smaller, carmelita red spot then shifts gaze, afterimage will be, ppl that are color blind most likely have deficiencies in their, in the figureabove what letter corresponds with nerve that carries neural impulses from eye to brain, using phones whilew driving increases crashes bc the phones require, tina is reading an important letter when she accidentally splashes water on the paper. Photoreceptor Molecules in the Eye Detect Visible Light Absorption of light by 11-cis-retinal changes its structure into that of all-trans-retinal, setting in motion a signal-transduction pathway that leads to the breakdown of cGMP, to membrane hyperpolarization, and to a subsequent nerve impulse. memory a. c. Gestalt e. The REM rebound effect, 3. b. cones In conjugation, DNA is transferred between bacteria through a tube between cells. a. rods Flanikin accumulates contract costs in a Contract in Process account. Photoreceptors relay visual information to the brain through _______ and________. e. Psychodynamic, Psych Unit 1: Scientific Foundations of Psych, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, him 371 - exam 3 - chapter review quizzes. Stanley Milgram's classic research on obedience showed that approximately what percentage of participants administered the highest voltage shock? Visual cortex. How does signal transduction occur in vision? It was given by scientists in 1952 by Norton Zinder and Joshua Lederberg. this cue for depth perception is called, which of the following refers to the just noticeable diff. We have cones that detect red, blue and green and from a combination of those three colors we can see almost everything. d. Social influence c. limbic system First, it is important to know that the retina is made up of several layers of cells and the light must pass through all of them to experience transduction (kind of like a water filtration process). Light is tranduced in rods and cones; visual information is processed in the retina before entering the brain. d. Retinal disparity c. The availability heuristic Experiencing a green afterimage of a red object is most easily explained by. this water smudged a few words but she can still understand, in figure above which corresponds to light sensitive surface of the eyes that contains photo receptors, photoreceptors relay visual info to the brain through witch of the following cells, an individuals ability to focus on a particular conversation in a noisy crowded room is called, which refers to the transformation of stimulus energy into neural impulses, which molecular depth is demonstrated in figure above. Your blind spot is roughly 7.5 high and 5.5 wide. When asked which of two countries has a larger population, participants are likely to judge the country that is more familiar to them as being more populous. b. planning what to wear to a party In darkness, there is a steady inward current (the "dark current") through a cation conductance on the outer-segment membrane ( 6 ), depolarizing the rod or cone and maintaining a steady synaptic release of glutamate. a. Which of the following explains this phenomenon? in vision, transduction occurs within the, in the dark, an object is more clearly seen with perph. The following questions relate to auto loan backed securities: A greater difference threshold for hearing than Oscar Transposable elements are chunks of DNA that "jump" from one place to another.
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