The Jacobin Club was one of several organizations that grew out of the French Revolution and it was distinguished for its left-wing, revolutionary politics. There were about 7,000 chapters throughout France. The Jacobins were a radical, left-wing political organization with the goals of providing universal suffrage, a strong central government, public education, and the separation of church and state. Active Jacobins were arrested in Paris, Jacobins in provincial towns were assassinated, and the Jacobin Club itself was closed down in November.

One of these groups was the Society of the Friends of the Constitution, commonly known as the Jacobin Club because of where they met. The Jacobins were led by Maximilien de Robespierre, and they controlled the government from June 1793 to July 1794.
In its early times of government, the Gironde supported a Bill Edmonds, "'Federalism' and Urban Revolt in France in 1793," Lesley H. Walker, "Sweet and Consoling Virtue: The Memoirs of Madame Roland,"

At the peak of their power, the group was the most radical in the revolution. Marat never ceased his denunciations of the faction by which France was being betrayed to her ruin and his cry of A list drawn up by the Commandant-General of the Parisian National Guard The excuse for the Terror that followed was the imminent peril of France, menaced on the east by the advance of the armies of the The trial of the 22 began before the Revolutionary Tribunal on 24 October 1793. They included The survivors of the party made an effort to re-enter the Convention after the fall of Robespierre on 27 July 1794, but it was not until 5 March 1795 that they were formally re-instated. At the peak of their power, the group was the most radical in the revolution. Because of this, the Jacobins, unlike other sects like the Girondins, were closely allied to the sans-culottes, who were a popular force of working-class Parisians that played a pivotal role in the development of the revolution. They initially encouraged armed petitions, but then were dismayed when this led to the The Girondins proposed suspending the king and summoning of the National Convention, but they agreed not to overthrow the monarchy until The Revolution failed to deliver the immediate gains that had been promised and this made it difficult for the Girondins to draw it to a close easily in the minds of the public. From 1791 to 1793, the Girondins were active in the The Girondins were a group of loosely affiliated individuals rather than an organized political party and the name was at first informally applied because the most prominent exponents of their point of view were deputies to the Legislative Assembly from the Brissot and Madame Roland were executed and Jean Roland (who had gone into hiding) committed The collective name "Girondins" is used to describe a "a loosely knit group of French deputies who contested the Montagnards for control of the National Convention".Twelve deputies represented the département of the Gironde and there were six who sat for this département in both the A group of deputies from elsewhere became associated with these views, most notably the In the Legislative Assembly, the Girondins represented the principle of democratic revolution within France and patriotic defiance to the European powers. On 3 October of that same year (11 A monument to the Girondins was erected in Bordeaux between 1894 and 1902 dedicated to the memory of the Girondin deputies who were victims of the Terror. Their orators had no serious rivals in the hostile camp—their system was established in the purest reason, but the Montagnards made up for what they lacked in talent or in numbers through their boldness and fanatical energy.In the suspicious temper of the times, their vacillation was fatal.

The Jacobins were led by Maximilien de Robespierre, and they controlled the government from June 1793 to July 1794. There were about 7,000 chapters throughout France. Moreover, the The crisis came in March 1793. The Girondins , or Girondists, were members of a loosely knit political faction during the French Revolution. They supported an aggressive foreign policy and constituted the war party in the period 1792–1793, when revolutionary France initiated a long series of revolutionary wars with other European powers. Brissot proposed an ambitious military plan to spread the Revolution internationally, one that Girondins at first dominated the Jacobin Club, where Brissot's influence had not yet been ousted by Temperament largely accounts for the dividing line between the parties. The Girondins were doctrinaires and theorists rather than men of action.
On 31 October, they were borne to the guillotine.

The verdict was a foregone conclusion. It took 36 minutes to cut off 22 heads, one of which was already dead. From the beginning of the French Revolution, debating societies were set up so the revolutionaries could decide what actions to take against the ruling classes.


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